在Windows窗体中使用OpenFileDialog读取文本文件
我是OpenFileDialog函数的新手，但已经找到了基础知识。 我需要做的是打开一个文本文件，从文件中读取数据（仅文本）并正确地将数据放入我的应用程序的单独文本框中。 这是我在“打开文件”事件处理程序中的内容：
private void openToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { OpenFileDialog theDialog = new OpenFileDialog(); theDialog.Title = "Open Text File"; theDialog.Filter = "TXT files|*.txt"; theDialog.InitialDirectory = @"C:\"; if (theDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { MessageBox.Show(theDialog.FileName.ToString()); } } 我需要阅读的文本文件是这个（对于家庭作业，我需要阅读这个确切的文件），它有一个员工编号，姓名，地址，工资和工时：
1 John Merryweather 123 West Main Street 5.00 30
在我给出的文本文件中，有4个员工在此之后立即以相同的格式提供信息。 您可以看到员工的工资和工时都在同一条线上，而不是拼写错误。
我这里有一个员工class：
public class Employee { //get and set properties for each public int EmployeeNum { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Address { get; set; } public double Wage { get; set; } public double Hours { get; set; } public void employeeConst() //constructor method { EmployeeNum = 0; Name = ""; Address = ""; Wage = 0.0; Hours = 0.0; } //Method prologue //calculates employee earnings //parameters: 2 doubles, hours and wages //returns: a double, the calculated salary public static double calcSalary(double h, double w) { int OT = 40; double timeandahalf = 1.5; double FED = .20; double STATE = .075; double OThours = 0; double OTwage = 0; double OTpay = 0; double gross = 0; ; double net = 0; double net1 = 0; double net2 = 0; if (h > OT) { OThours = h - OT; OTwage = w * timeandahalf; OTpay = OThours * OTwage; gross = w * h; net = gross + OTpay; } else { net = w * h; } net1 = net * FED; //the net after federal taxes net2 = net * STATE; // the net after state taxes net = net - (net1 + net2); return net; //total net } }
所以我需要将该文件中的文本拉入我的Employee类，然后将数据输出到windows窗体应用程序中的正确文本框。 我无法理解如何做到这一点。 我需要使用流读取器吗？ 或者在这种情况下还有另一种更好的方法吗？ 谢谢。
这是一种方式：
Stream myStream = null; OpenFileDialog theDialog = new OpenFileDialog(); theDialog.Title = "Open Text File"; theDialog.Filter = "TXT files|*.txt"; theDialog.InitialDirectory = @"C:\"; if (theDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { try { if ((myStream = theDialog.OpenFile()) != null) { using (myStream) { // Insert code to read the stream here. } } } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show("Error: Could not read file from disk. Original error: " + ex.Message); } }
从这里修改： MSDN OpenFileDialog.OpenFile
编辑这是另一种更适合您需求的方式：
private void openToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { OpenFileDialog theDialog = new OpenFileDialog(); theDialog.Title = "Open Text File"; theDialog.Filter = "TXT files|*.txt"; theDialog.InitialDirectory = @"C:\"; if (theDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { string filename = theDialog.FileName; string[] filelines = File.ReadAllLines(filename); List employeeList = new List (); int linesPerEmployee = 4; int currEmployeeLine = 0; //parse line by line into instance of employee class Employee employee = new Employee(); for (int a = 0; a < filelines.Length; a++) { //check if to move to next employee if (a != 0 && a % linesPerEmployee == 0) { employeeList.Add(employee); employee = new Employee(); currEmployeeLine = 1; } else { currEmployeeLine++; } switch (currEmployeeLine) { case 1: employee.EmployeeNum = Convert.ToInt32(filelines[a].Trim()); break; case 2: employee.Name = filelines[a].Trim(); break; case 3: employee.Address = filelines[a].Trim(); break; case 4: string[] splitLines = filelines[a].Split(' '); employee.Wage = Convert.ToDouble(splitLines[0].Trim()); employee.Hours = Convert.ToDouble(splitLines[1].Trim()); break; } } //Test to see if it works foreach (Employee emp in employeeList) { MessageBox.Show(emp.EmployeeNum + Environment.NewLine + emp.Name + Environment.NewLine + emp.Address + Environment.NewLine + emp.Wage + Environment.NewLine + emp.Hours + Environment.NewLine); } } }
对于这种方法，您需要将system.IO添加到您的引用中，方法是在c＃文件顶部附近的其他引用下面添加下一行代码（其中另一行使用****。**代表）。
using System.IO;
下一个代码包含2种读取文本的方法，第一种读取单行并将它们存储在字符串变量中，第二种读取整个文本并将其保存在字符串变量中（包括“\ n”（进入））
两者都应该很容易理解和使用。
string pathToFile = "";//to save the location of the selected object private void openToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { OpenFileDialog theDialog = new OpenFileDialog(); theDialog.Title = "Open Text File"; theDialog.Filter = "TXT files|*.txt"; theDialog.InitialDirectory = @"C:\"; if (theDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { MessageBox.Show(theDialog.FileName.ToString()); pathToFile = theDialog.FileName;//doesn't need .tostring because .filename returns a string// saves the location of the selected object } if (File.Exists(pathToFile))// only executes if the file at pathtofile exists//you need to add the using System.IO reference at the top of te code to use this { //method1 string firstLine = File.ReadAllLines(pathToFile).Skip(0).Take(1).First();//selects first line of the file string secondLine = File.ReadAllLines(pathToFile).Skip(1).Take(1).First(); //method2 string text = ""; using(StreamReader sr =new StreamReader(pathToFile)) { text = sr.ReadToEnd();//all text wil be saved in text enters are also saved } } }
要分割文本，可以使用.Split（“”）并使用循环将名称放回一个字符串中。 如果您不想使用.Split（），那么您还可以使用foreach和ad if语句将其拆分到需要的位置。
要将数据添加到您的类，您可以使用构造函数添加数据，如：
public Employee(int EMPLOYEENUM, string NAME, string ADRESS, double WAGE, double HOURS) { EmployeeNum = EMPLOYEENUM; Name = NAME; Address = ADRESS; Wage = WAGE; Hours = HOURS; }
或者您可以通过在实例名称后键入.variablename来使用该集合添加它（如果它们是公共的并且有一个集合，这将起作用）。 通过在实例名称后键入.variablename来读取可以使用get的数据（如果它们是公共的并且得到它将起作用）。