在Windows 10中编译问题
我发现了与构建使用C：\ Windows \ System32 \ CertEnroll.dll作为参考的应用程序相关的问题。
在Windows 7上使用VS 2015编译然后在Windows 7计算机上运行时，以下代码可以正常工作。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using CERTENROLLLib; namespace CertTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { try { CX509PrivateKey key = new CX509PrivateKey(); key.ContainerName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } } } } 当您尝试在Windows 10中编译它，然后尝试在Windows 7计算机上运行它时，它会引发以下错误。
“无法将’System .__ ComObject’类型的COM对象转换为接口类型’CERTENROLLLib.CX509PrivateKey’。此操作失败，因为QueryInterface调用COM组件上的IID为”{728AB362-217D-11DA-B2A4-000E7BBB2B09}的接口“ ‘由于以下错误而失败：不支持此类接口（来自HRESULT的exception：0x80004002（E_NOINTERFACE））。“
我有几个人在这里复制它，我想在联系微软之前获得更多的意见，了解这里发生了什么。
我想我的问题是：其他人可以证实这一点，或者是否确认他们破坏了向后兼容性？
不知何故，CertEnroll.dll上的接口实现在“vanilla”Windows 2008和Windows 2008 R2之间发生了变化。 我猜这与一些Windows 7版本是一样的。 要使它（中途）工作，你必须用Activator.CreateInstance(Type.GetTypeFromProgID(实例化这个类;这将导致系统在HKLM中查找引用：\ SOFTWARE \ Classes \ Interface \来获取适合你的课程。
工作实例：
（此代码的一部分用于https://stackoverflow.com/a/13806300/5243037 ）
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Net.NetworkInformation; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates; using CERTENROLLLib; /// /// Creates a self-signed certificate in the computer certificate store MY. /// Issuer and Subject are computername and its domain. /// /// Friendly-name of the certificate /// Password which will be used by creation. I think it's obsolete... /// Created certificate /// Base from https://stackoverflow.com/a/13806300/5243037 public static X509Certificate2 CreateSelfSignedCertificate(string friendlyName, string password) { // create DN for subject and issuer var dnHostName = new CX500DistinguishedName(); // DN will be in format CN=machinename, DC=domain, DC=local for machinename.domain.local dnHostName.Encode(GetMachineDn()); var dnSubjectName = dnHostName; //var privateKey = new CX509PrivateKey(); var typeName = "X509Enrollment.CX509PrivateKey"; var type = Type.GetTypeFromProgID(typeName); if (type == null) { throw new Exception(typeName + " is not available on your system: 0x80040154 (REGDB_E_CLASSNOTREG)"); } var privateKey = Activator.CreateInstance(type) as IX509PrivateKey; if (privateKey == null) { throw new Exception("Your certlib does not know an implementation of " + typeName + " (in HKLM:\\SOFTWARE\\Classes\\Interface\\)!"); } privateKey.ProviderName = "Microsoft Enhanced RSA and AES Cryptographic Provider"; privateKey.ProviderType = X509ProviderType.XCN_PROV_RSA_AES; // key-bitness privateKey.Length = 2048; privateKey.KeySpec = X509KeySpec.XCN_AT_KEYEXCHANGE; privateKey.MachineContext = true; // Don't allow export of private key privateKey.ExportPolicy = X509PrivateKeyExportFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_EXPORT_NONE; // use is not limited privateKey.Create(); // Use the stronger SHA512 hashing algorithm var hashobj = new CObjectId(); hashobj.InitializeFromAlgorithmName(ObjectIdGroupId.XCN_CRYPT_HASH_ALG_OID_GROUP_ID, ObjectIdPublicKeyFlags.XCN_CRYPT_OID_INFO_PUBKEY_ANY, AlgorithmFlags.AlgorithmFlagsNone, "SHA512"); // add extended key usage if you want - look at MSDN for a list of possible OIDs var oid = new CObjectId(); oid.InitializeFromValue("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"); // SSL server var oidlist = new CObjectIds { oid }; var eku = new CX509ExtensionEnhancedKeyUsage(); eku.InitializeEncode(oidlist); // add all IPs of current machine as dns-names (SAN), so a user connecting to our wcf // service by IP still claim-trusts this server certificate var objExtensionAlternativeNames = new CX509ExtensionAlternativeNames(); { var altNames = new CAlternativeNames(); var dnsHostname = new CAlternativeName(); dnsHostname.InitializeFromString(AlternativeNameType.XCN_CERT_ALT_NAME_DNS_NAME, Environment.MachineName); altNames.Add(dnsHostname); foreach (var ipAddress in Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName())) { if ((ipAddress.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork || ipAddress.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6) && !IPAddress.IsLoopback(ipAddress)) { var dns = new CAlternativeName(); dns.InitializeFromString(AlternativeNameType.XCN_CERT_ALT_NAME_DNS_NAME, ipAddress.ToString()); altNames.Add(dns); } } objExtensionAlternativeNames.InitializeEncode(altNames); } // Create the self signing request //var cert = new CX509CertificateRequestCertificate(); typeName = "X509Enrollment.CX509CertificateRequestCertificate"; type = Type.GetTypeFromProgID(typeName); if (type == null) { throw new Exception(typeName + " is not available on your system: 0x80040154 (REGDB_E_CLASSNOTREG)"); } var cert = Activator.CreateInstance(type) as IX509CertificateRequestCertificate; if (cert == null) { throw new Exception("Your certlib does not know an implementation of " + typeName + " (in HKLM:\\SOFTWARE\\Classes\\Interface\\)!"); } cert.InitializeFromPrivateKey(X509CertificateEnrollmentContext.ContextMachine, privateKey, ""); cert.Subject = dnSubjectName; cert.Issuer = dnHostName; // the issuer and the subject are the same cert.NotBefore = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1); // this cert expires immediately. Change to whatever makes sense for you cert.NotAfter = DateTime.Now.AddYears(1); cert.X509Extensions.Add((CX509Extension)eku); // add the EKU cert.X509Extensions.Add((CX509Extension)objExtensionAlternativeNames); cert.HashAlgorithm = hashobj; // Specify the hashing algorithm cert.Encode(); // encode the certificate // Do the final enrollment process //var enroll = new CX509Enrollment(); typeName = "X509Enrollment.CX509Enrollment"; type = Type.GetTypeFromProgID(typeName); if (type == null) { throw new Exception(typeName + " is not available on your system: 0x80040154 (REGDB_E_CLASSNOTREG)"); } var enroll = Activator.CreateInstance(type) as IX509Enrollment; if (enroll == null) { throw new Exception("Your certlib does not know an implementation of " + typeName + " (in HKLM:\\SOFTWARE\\Classes\\Interface\\)!"); } // Use private key to initialize the certrequest... enroll.InitializeFromRequest(cert); enroll.CertificateFriendlyName = friendlyName; // Optional: add a friendly name var csr = enroll.CreateRequest(); // Output the request in base64 and install it back as the response enroll.InstallResponse(InstallResponseRestrictionFlags.AllowUntrustedCertificate, csr, EncodingType.XCN_CRYPT_STRING_BASE64, password); // This will fail on Win2k8, some strange "Parameter is empty" error... Thus we search the // certificate by serial number with the managed X509Store-class // // output a base64 encoded PKCS#12 so we can import it back to the .Net security classes //var base64Encoded = enroll.CreatePFX(password, PFXExportOptions.PFXExportChainNoRoot, EncodingType.XCN_CRYPT_STRING_BASE64); //return new X509Certificate2(Convert.FromBase64String(base64Encoded), password, X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet); var certFs = LoadCertFromStore(cert.SerialNumber); if (!certFs.HasPrivateKey) throw new InvalidOperationException("Created certificate has no private key!"); return certFs; } /// /// Converts Domain.local into CN=Domain, CN=local /// private static string GetDomainDn() { var fqdnDomain = IPGlobalProperties.GetIPGlobalProperties().DomainName; if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fqdnDomain)) return null; var context = new DirectoryContext(DirectoryContextType.Domain, fqdnDomain); var d = Domain.GetDomain(context); var de = d.GetDirectoryEntry(); return de.Properties["DistinguishedName"].Value.ToString(); } /// /// Gets machine and domain name in X.500-format: CN=PC,DN=MATESO,DN=local /// private static string GetMachineDn() { var machine = "CN=" + Environment.MachineName; var dom = GetDomainDn(); return machine + (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(dom) ? "" : ", " + dom); } /// /// Load a certificate by serial number from computer.my-store /// /// Base64-encoded certificate serial number private static X509Certificate2 LoadCertFromStore(string serialNumber) { var store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine); store.Open(OpenFlags.OpenExistingOnly | OpenFlags.MaxAllowed); try { // serialnumber from certenroll.dll v6 is a base64 encoded byte array, which is reversed. // serialnumber from certenroll.dll v10 is a base64 encoded byte array, which is NOT reversed. var serialBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(serialNumber); var serial = BitConverter.ToString(serialBytes.ToArray()).Replace("-", ""); var serialReversed = BitConverter.ToString(serialBytes.Reverse().ToArray()).Replace("-", ""); var serverCerts = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySerialNumber, serial, false); if (serverCerts.Count == 0) { serverCerts = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySerialNumber, serialReversed, false); } if (serverCerts.Count == 0) { throw new KeyNotFoundException("No certificate with serial number <" + serial + "> or reversed serial <" + serialReversed + "> found!"); } if (serverCerts.Count > 1) { throw new Exception("Found multiple certificates with serial <" + serial + "> or reversed serial <" + serialReversed + ">!"); } return serverCerts[0]; } finally { store.Close(); } }
备注
那我为什么要写“中途”呢？ certenroll.dll V. 6存在问题，导致构建在cert.InitializeFromPrivateKey上失败。 在certenroll.dll V 6.0中，第二个参数必须是“CX509PrivateKey”类型，而在具有Certenroll.dll V 10的Win10机器上，它是IX509PrivateKey：
错误CS1503：参数2：无法从’CERTENROLLLib.IX509PrivateKey’转换为’CERTENROLLLib.CX509PrivateKey’
所以你会想：是的，只需将上面例子中的privateKey“强制转换”为Activator.CreateInstance上的CX509PrivateKey即可。 这里的问题是，它将编译，但在vanilla Win2k8上它不会给你类（CX509 …）但是接口（IX509 …），因此转换失败并返回null。
我们通过在certenroll.dll V 10的机器上的单独项目中编译certenrollment函数来解决这个问题。它编译得很好并且也适用于Win2k8。 将它放在一个单独的项目中永远不会有点烦人，因为构建将在我们的buildserver上使用certenroll.dll V 6失败。
以下是Microsoft解决此问题的步骤
如果您仅将Windows 10用作构建环境，那么可执行文件将在低级操作系统上运行，但是如果您真的只想拥有一个可以在任何地方编译并在任何地方运行的项目，那么唯一的解决方案是创建您自己的互操作DLL包含在项目文件夹中。 您必须首先在Windows 7上生成它并引用该DLL。
Tlbimp.exe CertEnroll_Interop c：\ Windows \ System32 \ CertEnroll.dll
这将生成一个CertEnroll_Interop.dll文件，您可以将其复制到项目文件夹，然后浏览到项目中。 当然，您需要使用“使用CertEnroll_Interop;”语句。
您可以在Windows 10上构建项目，并使其在Windows 7和Windows 8.1以及任何其他组合上运行。
我有同样的问题，我的开发机器在Windows 10和构建服务器Windows 8.1上运行。
但由于c＃具有reflection和动态类型的能力，我现在首先分析InitializeFromPrivateKey方法作为参数采用哪些类型（我通过创建方法将其与实际证书代码分开）。
private static bool IsCompiledOnWin10AndAbove() { var typeOfMethod = typeof(IX509CertificateRequestPkcs10); var methodType = typeOfMethod.GetMethod("InitializeFromPrivateKey", new Type[] { typeof(X509CertificateEnrollmentContext), typeof(CX509PrivateKey), typeof(string) }); var methodeParameters = methodType.GetParameters(); return methodeParameters[1].ParameterType != typeof(CX509PrivateKey); }
然后使用动态类型，该类型取决于第二个参数是哪种类型。
dynamic privateKeyCorrectType; if (IsCompiledOnWin10AndAbove()) // win 10 and above compiled { privateKeyCorrectType= privateKey; } else // below win 10 compiled { privateKeyCorrectType= (CX509PrivateKey)privateKey; } cert.InitializeFromPrivateKey(X509CertificateEnrollmentContext.ContextMachine, privateKeyCorrectType, "");