ASP.NET解决方案的本机程序集绑定失败

注意：这个问题的主要目的是理解/解释 CLR的程序集绑定行为。 一旦确定原因，解决方案应该是明显的。 请知道我知道我的设置不是最佳的（nativedll没有签名和版本化等）但我再次想要调查CLR的绑定行为。

我试图在我的asp.net解决方案中使用本机（非COM，C ++）DLL。 我将避免命名dll，因为我认为它会将问题转移到错误的方向。

本机dll来自博客站点，并没有太多的信息。 我没有关于本地dll的任何信息，比如它编译的架构，它是什么文化和版本等。使用提供的包装器，我可以在控制台应用程序中正确使用dll。 它工作，即使我们必须使用部分程序集名称进行绑定。 本机程序集的包装器具有DLL导入，如[DllImport("nativedll.dll")] public static extern void someMethod([Out] BE_VERSION pbeVersion);

我已阅读有关CLR程序集绑定的大量信息，包括：

运行时如何定位程序集
assembly的最佳实践

根据我的理解，我们应该能够加载程序集，但没有。 我得到程序集绑定错误。

建立

调用本机dll的我的帮助程序库（编译为MSIL（任何CPU））是强名称的并且在GAC中。 。 我在IIS上的Win 7，x64位机器上运行我的asp.net应用程序，而不是可视工作室开发服务器。 nativedll没有签名而且没有GAC。

问题
总结是，当我将原生dll放在windows目录中时，（c：\ Windows）解决方案工作正常。 在任何其他情况下，我得到程序集绑定错误。

质询
1.我想知道为什么程序集在Windows目录中被删除时会被绑定？ 2.错误是什么意思：错误：从文件中提取清单导入时出错（hr = 0x80131018）？ （查看场景1，场景6）
3.为什么对Assembly.Load *（）方法的调用失败？ （情景3,4,5）

我的测试结果

场景1：

 **Setup** Calling Assembly: GACed. Native Assembly: Included in project; Build Action: None; Copy To Output Directory: Copy Always. **Description:** Logged into the site, home page open. Did not navigate to the page with native call. **Result:** Binding Error *** Assembly Binder Log Entry (12/13/2012 @ 11:28:23 AM) *** The operation failed. Bind result: hr = 0x80131018. No description available. Assembly manager loaded from: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\clr.dll Running under executable C:\Windows\SysWOW64\inetsrv\w3wp.exe --- A detailed error log follows. === Pre-bind state information === LOG: User = NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM LOG: DisplayName = nativedll (Partial) WRN: Partial binding information was supplied for an assembly: WRN: Assembly Name: nativedll | Domain ID: 2 WRN: A partial bind occurs when only part of the assembly display name is provided. WRN: This might result in the binder loading an incorrect assembly. WRN: It is recommended to provide a fully specified textual identity for the assembly, WRN: that consists of the simple name, version, culture, and public key token. WRN: See whitepaper http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=109270 for more information and common solutions to this issue. LOG: Appbase = file:///C:/WebUI/ LOG: Initial PrivatePath = C:\WebUI\bin LOG: Dynamic Base = C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\Temporary ASP.NET Files\webui\69d9ded4 LOG: Cache Base = C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\Temporary ASP.NET Files\webui\69d9ded4 LOG: AppName = ca4be085 Calling assembly : (Unknown). === LOG: This bind starts in default load context. LOG: Using application configuration file: C:\WebUI\web.config LOG: Using host configuration file: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\aspnet.config LOG: Using machine configuration file from C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\config\machine.config. LOG: Policy not being applied to reference at this time (private, custom, partial, or location-based assembly bind). LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Windows/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v4.0.30319/Temporary ASP.NET Files/webui/69d9ded4/ca4be085/nativedll.DLL. LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Windows/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v4.0.30319/Temporary ASP.NET Files/webui/69d9ded4/ca4be085/nativedll/nativedll.DLL. LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/WebUI/bin/nativedll.DLL. LOG: Assembly download was successful. Attempting setup of file: C:\WebUI\bin\nativedll.dll LOG: Entering download cache setup phase. ERR: Error extracting manifest import from file (hr = 0x80131018). ERR: Setup failed with hr = 0x80131018. ERR: Failed to complete setup of assembly (hr = 0x80131018). Probing terminated. 

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场景2：

 **Setup** Scenario 1 + Just copy the nativedll to C:\Windows folder. No reset of anytype. **Description** Navigate to the page calling native. Result: Success. Native Functionality is invoked. No binding failure. 

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场景3：

 **Setup** Calling Assembly: GACed. Native Assembly: Build Action: None; Copy To Output Directory: Copy Always. Description: Breakpoint at the point of native function call, use immediate window to execute the following code: var pat = pat = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.RelativeSearchPath, "nativedll.dll"); var a = Assembly.LoadFrom(pat); **Result** Exception raised: System.BadImageFormatException was unhandled HResult=-2146234344 Message=Could not load file or assembly 'file:///C:\WebUI\bin\nativedll.dll' or one of its dependencies. The module was expected to contain an assembly manifest. Source=mscorlib FileName=file:///C:\WebUI\bin\nativedll.dll FusionLog=Assembly manager loaded from: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\clr.dll Running under executable C:\Windows\SysWOW64\inetsrv\w3wp.exe --- A detailed error log follows. === Pre-bind state information === LOG: User = NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM LOG: Where-ref bind. Location = C:\WebUI\bin\nativedll.dll LOG: Appbase = file:///C:/WebUI/ LOG: Initial PrivatePath = C:\WebUI\bin Calling assembly : (Unknown). === LOG: This bind starts in LoadFrom load context. WRN: Native image will not be probed in LoadFrom context. Native image will only be probed in default load context, like with Assembly.Load(). LOG: Using application configuration file: C:\WebUI\web.config LOG: Using host configuration file: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\aspnet.config LOG: Using machine configuration file from C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\config\machine.config. LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/WebUI/bin/nativedll.dll. ERR: Failed to complete setup of assembly (hr = 0x80131018). Probing terminated. StackTrace: at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks) at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks) at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoadAssemblyName(AssemblyName assemblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly reqAssembly, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks) at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoadFrom(String assemblyFile, Evidence securityEvidence, Byte[] hashValue, AssemblyHashAlgorithm hashAlgorithm, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks, StackCrawlMark& stackMark) at System.Reflection.Assembly.LoadFrom(String assemblyFile) InnerException: 

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场景4：

 **Setup** Calling Assembly: GACed. Native Assembly: Build Action: None; Copy To Output Directory: Copy Always. **Description** Breakpoint at the point of native function call, use immediate window to execute the following code: var pat = pat = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.RelativeSearchPath, "nativedll.dll"); var a = Assembly.Load(pat); **Result** Exception raised: System.IO.FileLoadException was unhandled HResult=-2146234297 Message=Could not load file or assembly 'C:\\WebUI\\bin\\nativedll.dll' or one of its dependencies. The given assembly name or codebase was invalid. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131047) Source=mscorlib FileName=C:\\WebUI\\bin\\nativedll.dll FusionLog="" StackTrace: at System.Reflection.AssemblyName.nInit(RuntimeAssembly& assembly, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean raiseResolveEvent) at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.CreateAssemblyName(String assemblyString, Boolean forIntrospection, RuntimeAssembly& assemblyFromResolveEvent) at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.Reflection.Assembly.Load(String assemblyString) InnerException: 

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场景5：

 **Setup** Calling Assembly: GACed. Native Assembly: Build Action: None; Copy To Output Directory: Copy Always. **Description: ** Breakpoint at the point of native function call, use immediate window to execute the following code: var pat = pat = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.RelativeSearchPath, "nativedll.dll"); var a = Assembly.LoadFile(pat); **Result** Exception raised: System.BadImageFormatException was unhandled HResult=-2146234344 Message=The module was expected to contain an assembly manifest. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131018) Source=mscorlib StackTrace: at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.nLoadFile(String path, Evidence evidence) at System.Reflection.Assembly.LoadFile(String path) InnerException: 

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场景6：

 **Setup** Calling Assembly: GACed. Native Assembly: Excluded from project. Manually copied into the bin folder prior to execution. **Description: ** Logged into the site, home page open. Did not navigate to the page with native call. **Result** Binding Error: (Output: Assembly Binding Log Viewer) Assembly Binder Log Entry (12/13/2012 @ 2:19:13 PM) The operation failed. Bind result: hr = 0x80131018. No description available. Assembly manager loaded from: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\clr.dll Running under executable C:\Windows\SysWOW64\inetsrv\w3wp.exe --- A detailed error log follows. === Pre-bind state information === LOG: User = NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM LOG: DisplayName = nativedll (Partial) WRN: Partial binding information was supplied for an assembly: WRN: Assembly Name: nativedll | Domain ID: 2 WRN: A partial bind occurs when only part of the assembly display name is provided. WRN: This might result in the binder loading an incorrect assembly. WRN: It is recommended to provide a fully specified textual identity for the assembly, WRN: that consists of the simple name, version, culture, and public key token. WRN: See whitepaper http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=109270 for more information and common solutions to this issue. LOG: Appbase = file:///C:/Web/WebUI/ LOG: Initial PrivatePath = C:\WebUI\bin LOG: Dynamic Base = C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\Temporary ASP.NET Files\webui\69d9ded4 LOG: Cache Base = C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\Temporary ASP.NET Files\webui\69d9ded4 LOG: AppName = ca4be085 Calling assembly : (Unknown). === LOG: This bind starts in default load context. LOG: Using application configuration file: C:\WebUI\web.config LOG: Using host configuration file: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\aspnet.config LOG: Using machine configuration file from C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\config\machine.config. LOG: Policy not being applied to reference at this time (private, custom, partial, or location-based assembly bind). LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Windows/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v4.0.30319/Temporary ASP.NET Files/webui/69d9ded4/ca4be085/nativedll.DLL. LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Windows/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v4.0.30319/Temporary ASP.NET Files/webui/69d9ded4/ca4be085/nativedll/nativedll.DLL. LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/WebUI/bin/nativedll.DLL. LOG: Assembly download was successful. Attempting setup of file: C:\\WebUI\bin\nativedll.dll LOG: Entering download cache setup phase. ERR: Error extracting manifest import from file (hr = 0x80131018). ERR: Setup failed with hr = 0x80131018. ERR: Failed to complete setup of assembly (hr = 0x80131018). Probing terminated. 

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场景7：

 **Setup** Scenario 6 + Just copy the nativedll to C:\Windows folder. No reset of anytype. **Description** Navigate to the page calling native. Result: Success. Native Functionality is invoked. No binding failure. 

Answer 1

据我所知，并有相当多的假设……

当网站启动时，/ bin文件夹中的.NET程序集将由ASP.NET自动加载，但不会加载任何本机win32 DLL。

DLLImport失败，因为DllImport是相对于w3wp.exe进程而不是相对于网站项目完成的。 AppPool可以在许多网站之间共享，因此您的网站的/ bin文件夹不能是w3wp.exe进程的CurrentDirectory，即使假设这样做没有安全问题。

因此，要查找DLL，IIS首先会查找“w3wp.exe”所在的文件夹，然后检查Windows系统文件夹。

理论上，您应该能够使用LoadLibrary（）和GetProcAddress（）从特定文件夹加载DLL。

顺便提一下，如果您在网站项目中定义的类中使用DllImport（），则可能需要将ASP.NET的默认编译模式更改为“安全”。 要允许使用不安全的代码，您可以更新web.config文件：