使用DataContractJsonSerializer将数组值反序列化为.NET属性

我正在使用Silverlight 4中的DataContractJsonSerializer,并希望反序列化以下JSON:

{ "collectionname":"Books", "collectionitems": [ ["12345-67890",201, "Book One"], ["09876-54321",45, "Book Two"] ] } 

进入以下类:

 class BookCollection { public string collectionname { get; set; } public List collectionitems { get; set; } } class Book { public string Id { get; set; } public int NumberOfPages { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } } 

扩展DataContractJsonSerializer以将“collectionitems”中未命名的第一个数组元素映射到Book类的Id属性,NumberOfPages属性的第二个元素和Title的最终元素是什么? 我无法控制此实例中的JSON生成,并希望该解决方案能够与.NET的Silverlight子集一起使用。 如果解决方案也可以执行相反的序列化,那将是很好的。

如果这不是Silverlight,您可以使用IDataContractSurrogate在序列化/反序列化时使用object[] (JSON中实际存在的内容)而不是Book 。 遗憾的是,在Silverlight中没有IDataContractSurrogate (以及使用它的DataContractJsonSerializer构造函数的重载)。

在Silverlight上,这是一个hacky但简单的解决方法。 从一个imlpements ICollection的类型派生Book类。 由于序列化JSON中的类型是object[] ,因此框架将尽职尽责地将其序列化为ICollection ,然后您可以使用属性进行包装。

最简单(也是最hackiest)只是从List派生而来。 这种简单的黑客行为的缺点是用户可以修改基础列表数据并弄乱您的属性。 如果您是此代码的唯一用户,那可能没问题。 通过更多工作,您可以滚动自己的ICollection实现,并且只允许运行序列化工作的足够方法,并为其余部分抛出exception。 我在下面列出了两种方法的代码示例。

如果上面的黑客对你来说太难看了,我相信有更多优雅的方法可以解决这个问题。 您可能希望将注意力集中在为collectionitems属性创建自定义集合类型而不是List 。 此类型可以包含List类型的字段(这是JSON中的实际类型),您可以说服序列化程序填充该字段。 然后,您的IList实现可以将该数据挖掘到实际的Book实例中。

另一行调查可能会尝试进行转换。例如,您可以在Bookstring[]之间实现隐式类型转换,并且序列化是否足够智能以使用它? 我对此表示怀疑,但值得一试。

无论如何,这里是上面提到的从ICollection导入的代码示例。 警告:我还没有在Silverlight上validation这些,但他们应该只使用Silverlight可访问的类型,所以我认为(手指交叉!)它应该工作正常。

简单,哈克尔样本

 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.IO; [DataContract] class BookCollection { [DataMember(Order=1)] public string collectionname { get; set; } [DataMember(Order = 2)] public List collectionitems { get; set; } } [CollectionDataContract] class Book : List { public string Id { get { return (string)this[0]; } set { this[0] = value; } } public int NumberOfPages { get { return (int)this[1]; } set { this[1] = value; } } public string Title { get { return (string)this[2]; } set { this[2] = value; } } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(BookCollection)); string json = "{" + "\"collectionname\":\"Books\"," + "\"collectionitems\": [ " + "[\"12345-67890\",201,\"Book One\"]," + "[\"09876-54321\",45,\"Book Two\"]" + "]" + "}"; using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(json))) { BookCollection obj = ser.ReadObject(ms) as BookCollection; using (MemoryStream ms2 = new MemoryStream()) { ser.WriteObject(ms2, obj); string serializedJson = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms2.GetBuffer(), 0, (int)ms2.Length); } } } } 

更难,更少hacky样本

这是第二个示例,显示ICollection的手动实现,它阻止用户访问集合 – 它支持调用Add() 3次(在反序列化期间),但不允许通过ICollection进行修改。 使用显式接口实现公开ICollection方法,并且这些方法有一些属性可以将它们隐藏在智能感知中,这可以进一步降低黑客因子。 但是你可以看到这是更多的代码。

 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.IO; using System.Diagnostics; using System.ComponentModel; [DataContract] class BookCollection { [DataMember(Order=1)] public string collectionname { get; set; } [DataMember(Order = 2)] public List collectionitems { get; set; } } [CollectionDataContract] class Book : ICollection { public string Id { get; set; } public int NumberOfPages { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } // code below here is only used for serialization/deserialization // keeps track of how many properties have been initialized [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] private int counter = 0; [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] public void Add(object item) { switch (++counter) { case 1: Id = (string)item; break; case 2: NumberOfPages = (int)item; break; case 3: Title = (string)item; break; default: throw new NotSupportedException(); } } [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] IEnumerator System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() { return new List { Id, NumberOfPages, Title }.GetEnumerator(); } [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() { return new object[] { Id, NumberOfPages, Title }.GetEnumerator(); } [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] int System.Collections.Generic.ICollection.Count { get { return 3; } } [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] bool System.Collections.Generic.ICollection.IsReadOnly { get { throw new NotSupportedException(); } } [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] void System.Collections.Generic.ICollection.Clear() { throw new NotSupportedException(); } [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] bool System.Collections.Generic.ICollection.Contains(object item) { throw new NotSupportedException(); } [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] void System.Collections.Generic.ICollection.CopyTo(object[] array, int arrayIndex) { throw new NotSupportedException(); } [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] bool System.Collections.Generic.ICollection.Remove(object item) { throw new NotSupportedException(); } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(BookCollection)); string json = "{" + "\"collectionname\":\"Books\"," + "\"collectionitems\": [ " + "[\"12345-67890\",201,\"Book One\"]," + "[\"09876-54321\",45,\"Book Two\"]" + "]" + "}"; using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(json))) { BookCollection obj = ser.ReadObject(ms) as BookCollection; using (MemoryStream ms2 = new MemoryStream()) { ser.WriteObject(ms2, obj); string serializedJson = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms2.GetBuffer(), 0, (int)ms2.Length); } } } } 

顺便说一句,我第一次阅读你的问题时,我跳过了重要的Silverlight要求。 哎呀! 无论如何,如果不使用Silverlight,这就是我为这种情况编写的解决方案 – 它更容易,我可以将它保存在这里,以备将来的任何Google员工使用。

您正在寻找的(在常规的.NET框架上,而不是Silverlight上)魔术是IDataContractSurrogate 。 如果要在序列化/反序列化时将一种类型替换为另一种类型,请实现此接口。 在你的情况下,你想用object[]代替Book

以下是一些显示其工作原理的代码:

 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.IO; using System.Collections.ObjectModel; [DataContract] class BookCollection { [DataMember(Order=1)] public string collectionname { get; set; } [DataMember(Order = 2)] public List collectionitems { get; set; } } class Book { public string Id { get; set; } public int NumberOfPages { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } } // A type surrogate substitutes object[] for Book when serializing/deserializing. class BookTypeSurrogate : IDataContractSurrogate { public Type GetDataContractType(Type type) { // "Book" will be serialized as an object array // This method is called during serialization, deserialization, and schema export. if (typeof(Book).IsAssignableFrom(type)) { return typeof(object[]); } return type; } public object GetObjectToSerialize(object obj, Type targetType) { // This method is called on serialization. if (obj is Book) { Book book = (Book) obj; return new object[] { book.Id, book.NumberOfPages, book.Title }; } return obj; } public object GetDeserializedObject(object obj, Type targetType) { // This method is called on deserialization. if (obj is object[]) { object[] arr = (object[])obj; Book book = new Book { Id = (string)arr[0], NumberOfPages = (int)arr[1], Title = (string)arr[2] }; return book; } return obj; } public Type GetReferencedTypeOnImport(string typeName, string typeNamespace, object customData) { return null; // not used } public System.CodeDom.CodeTypeDeclaration ProcessImportedType(System.CodeDom.CodeTypeDeclaration typeDeclaration, System.CodeDom.CodeCompileUnit compileUnit) { return typeDeclaration; // Not used } public object GetCustomDataToExport(Type clrType, Type dataContractType) { return null; // not used } public object GetCustomDataToExport(System.Reflection.MemberInfo memberInfo, Type dataContractType) { return null; // not used } public void GetKnownCustomDataTypes(Collection customDataTypes) { return; // not used } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer( typeof(BookCollection), new List(), /* knownTypes */ int.MaxValue, /* maxItemsInObjectGraph */ false, /* ignoreExtensionDataObject */ new BookTypeSurrogate(), /* dataContractSurrogate */ false /* alwaysEmitTypeInformation */ ); string json = "{" + "\"collectionname\":\"Books\"," + "\"collectionitems\": [ " + "[\"12345-67890\",201,\"Book One\"]," + "[\"09876-54321\",45,\"Book Two\"]" + "]" + "}"; using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(json))) { BookCollection obj = ser.ReadObject(ms) as BookCollection; using (MemoryStream ms2 = new MemoryStream()) { ser.WriteObject(ms2, obj); string serializedJson = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms2.GetBuffer(), 0, (int)ms2.Length); } } } } 

我觉得你的问题非常有趣。 所以我必须花时间试图解决问题。 目前我收到了一个可以序列化和去除JSON数据的示例,如下所示:

 { "collectionname":"Books", "collectionitems":[ {"book":["12345-67890",201,"Book One"]}, {"book":["09876-54321",45,"Book Two"]} ] } 

小型控制台应用程序的相应代码:

 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.Security.Permissions; namespace DataContractJsonSerializer { [DataContract] class BookCollection { [DataMember (Order = 0)] public string collectionname { get; set; } [DataMember (Order = 1)] public List collectionitems { get; set; } } [Serializable] [KnownType (typeof (object[]))] class Book: ISerializable { public string Id { get; set; } public int NumberOfPages { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public Book () { } [SecurityPermissionAttribute (SecurityAction.Demand, Flags = SecurityPermissionFlag.SerializationFormatter)] protected Book (SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context) { // called by DataContractJsonSerializer.ReadObject Object[] ar = (Object[]) info.GetValue ("book", typeof (object[])); this.Id = (string)ar[0]; this.NumberOfPages = (int)ar[1]; this.Title = (string)ar[2]; } [SecurityPermission (SecurityAction.Demand, SerializationFormatter = true)] public void GetObjectData (SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context) { // called by DataContractJsonSerializer.WriteObject object[] ar = new object[] { (object)this.Id, (object)this.NumberOfPages, (object)this.Title }; info.AddValue ("book", ar); } } class Program { static readonly string testJSONdata = "{\"collectionname\":\"Books\",\"collectionitems\":[{\"book\":[\"12345-67890\",201,\"Book One\"]},{\"book\":[\"09876-54321\",45,\"Book Two\"]}]}"; static void Main (string[] args) { BookCollection test = new BookCollection () { collectionname = "Books", collectionitems = new List { new Book() { Id = "12345-67890", NumberOfPages = 201, Title = "Book One"}, new Book() { Id = "09876-54321", NumberOfPages = 45, Title = "Book Two"}, } }; MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream (); System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer (typeof (BookCollection)); memoryStream.Position = 0; ser.WriteObject (memoryStream, test); memoryStream.Flush(); memoryStream.Position = 0; StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(memoryStream); string str = sr.ReadToEnd (); Console.WriteLine ("The result of custom serialization:"); Console.WriteLine (str); if (String.Compare (testJSONdata, str, StringComparison.Ordinal) != 0) { Console.WriteLine ("Error in serialization: unexpected results."); return; } byte[] jsonDataAsBytes = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding ("iso-8859-1").GetBytes (testJSONdata); MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream (jsonDataAsBytes); stream.Position = 0; BookCollection p2 = (BookCollection)ser.ReadObject (stream); } } } 

我还没有在Silverlight 4下测试这种方法。